Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction retrospective analysis focusing on frailty, nutrition, and clinical implication of surgery

Summary In this retrospective observational study, we have examined the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of serious myocardial infarction (MI)-associated mechanical complications (MCs) occurring in Japanese patients in this era of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), focusing on frailty, nutrition, and clinical implication of surgery. Included were 883 patients who, having suffered an MI, had been admitted to Nihon University Hospital between January 2013 and April 2020. Fifteen (1.70%) of these patients had suffered a potentially cata-strophic MC―ventricular free wall rupture (VFWR, n = 8), ventricular septal rupture (VSR, n = 6), or papillary muscle rupture (PMR, n = 1). Factors associated with the MCs were age, poor nutritional status, a high Killip class, delayed diagnosis of MI, a high lactate concentration, a low thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade, and single-vessel disease. Thirty-day mortality among MC patients was 60% (9/15): 87.5% associated with VFWR, 33.3% associated with VSR and 0% associated with PMR. On adjusted multivariate analysis, oc-currence of an MC was independently associated with 30-day mortality. Despite a high surgical risk (Euro-SCORE II: 11.8 ± 4.7) with less frailty, 30-day mortality was lower among patients whose MC was treated sur-gically than among those whose MC was treated conservatively (40.0% versus 100.0%, respectively; P = 0.044). Our data suggest that surgical intervention can save patients with a life-threatening MI-associated MC and should be considered, if they are not particularly frail.