TY - JOUR
T1 - Measurement of the whole and midsubstance femoral insertion of the anterior cruciate ligament
T2 - The comparison with the elliptically calculated femoral anterior cruciate ligament footprint area
AU - Iwama, Genki
AU - Iriuchishima, Takanori
AU - Horaguchi, Takashi
AU - Aizawa, Shin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Indian Journal of Orthopaedics | Published by Wolters Kluwer. Medknow.
PY - 2019/11/1
Y1 - 2019/11/1
N2 - Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the detailed morphology of the femoral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) footprint. The correlation and the comparison between the measured area and the area which mathematically calculated as elliptical were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty nine nonpaired human cadaver knees were used. The ACL was cut in the middle, and the femoral bone was cut at the most proximal point of the femoral notch. The ACL was carefully dissected, and the periphery of the ACL insertion site was outlined on both the whole footprint and the midsubstance insertion. Lateral view of the femoral condyle was photographed with a digital camera, and the images were downloaded to a personal computer. The area, length, and width of the femoral ACL footprint were measured with Image J software (National Institution of Health). Using the length and width of the femoral ACL footprint, the elliptical area was calculated as 0.25 π (length × width). Statistical analysis was performed to reveal the correlation and the comparison of the measured and elliptically calculated area. Results: The sizes of the whole and midsubstance femoral ACL footprints were 127.6 ± 41.7 mm[2] and 61 ± 20.2 mm[2], respectively. The sizes of the elliptically calculated whole and midsubstance femoral ACL footprints were 113.9 ± 4.5 mm[2] and 58.4 ± 3 mm[2], respectively. Significant difference was observed between the measured and the elliptically calculated area. In the midsubstance insertion, significant correlation was observed between the measured and the elliptically calculated area (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.603, P= 0.001). However, no correlation was observed in the whole ACL insertion area. Conclusion: The morphology of the femoral ACL insertion resembles an elliptical shape. However, due to the wide variation in morphology, the femoral ACL insertion cannot be considered mathematically elliptical.
AB - Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the detailed morphology of the femoral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) footprint. The correlation and the comparison between the measured area and the area which mathematically calculated as elliptical were also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Thirty nine nonpaired human cadaver knees were used. The ACL was cut in the middle, and the femoral bone was cut at the most proximal point of the femoral notch. The ACL was carefully dissected, and the periphery of the ACL insertion site was outlined on both the whole footprint and the midsubstance insertion. Lateral view of the femoral condyle was photographed with a digital camera, and the images were downloaded to a personal computer. The area, length, and width of the femoral ACL footprint were measured with Image J software (National Institution of Health). Using the length and width of the femoral ACL footprint, the elliptical area was calculated as 0.25 π (length × width). Statistical analysis was performed to reveal the correlation and the comparison of the measured and elliptically calculated area. Results: The sizes of the whole and midsubstance femoral ACL footprints were 127.6 ± 41.7 mm[2] and 61 ± 20.2 mm[2], respectively. The sizes of the elliptically calculated whole and midsubstance femoral ACL footprints were 113.9 ± 4.5 mm[2] and 58.4 ± 3 mm[2], respectively. Significant difference was observed between the measured and the elliptically calculated area. In the midsubstance insertion, significant correlation was observed between the measured and the elliptically calculated area (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.603, P= 0.001). However, no correlation was observed in the whole ACL insertion area. Conclusion: The morphology of the femoral ACL insertion resembles an elliptical shape. However, due to the wide variation in morphology, the femoral ACL insertion cannot be considered mathematically elliptical.
KW - Anatomy
KW - anterior cruciate ligament
KW - elliptical
KW - femoral
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85073777342&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_434_18
DO - 10.4103/ortho.IJOrtho_434_18
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85073777342
SN - 0019-5413
VL - 53
SP - 727
EP - 731
JO - Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
JF - Indian Journal of Orthopaedics
IS - 6
ER -