Effect of Increasing or Decreasing Use of Polypharmacy on Recovery of Activities of Daily Living in Patients With Stroke in the Recovery-Phase Rehabilitation Ward: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching

Background: Polypharmacy is a predictor of adverse outcomes, making its management crucial for improving patient health and recovery. Managing polypharmacy is particularly challenging in patients with stroke with many comorbidities and sequelae. Although reducing inappropriate prescribing is necessary, the number of medications may increase to effectively implement secondary prevention, potentially offsetting any changes in medication count. For patients with stroke undergoing recovery-phase rehabilitation, balancing secondary prevention and optimizing drug use early without hindering recovery of activities of daily living are crucial. This study is aimed at examining the effect of increasing or decreasing the use of polypharmacy on recovery of motor and cognitive function during recovery-phase rehabilitation in patients with stroke. Methods: The study was conducted from July 2010 to June 2019 among patients with stroke discharged from the convalescent rehabilitation ward during the study period. Patients who were using more than five drugs on admission and had either an increase or decrease in the number of drugs used on discharge were compared. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to control for background variables such as patient demographics, laboratory values, and functional independence measure (FIM) scores at baseline. The primary outcomes were motor, cognition, and total FIM gain. Results: Of the 226 patients initially enrolled, 156 were matched on propensity score. The total motor FIM gain, total cognitive FIM gain, and total FIM gain were significantly higher in the decreased group than in the increased group (p = 0.0139, p = 0.0377, and p = 0.0077, respectively). Conclusion: In patients with stroke, reducing rather than increasing the number of drugs administered during recovery-phase rehabilitation could improve rehabilitation outcomes. Therefore, it is important to consider whether the drugs are essential for the patient and proactively revise the drug regimen to ensure rapid rehabilitation of patients with stroke.